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X-ray films are made of a light-sensitive emulsion that is coated onto a transparent plastic or glass base. The emulsion contains a mixture of silver halide crystals, which are sensitive to X-rays, and other chemicals that are used to process the film and develop the image.

When exposed to X-rays, the silver halide crystals in the emulsion are activated and form a latent image, which can be developed and made visible using a chemical processing technique. The resulting film contains an image of the object that was X-rayed, showing the internal structure of the object in varying shades of black and white.