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MPI (magnetic particle inspection) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method that is used to detect surface and near-surface defects in ferromagnetic materials, such as steel and iron. In MPI, a magnetic field is applied to the material being tested, and fine iron oxide or iron oxide-coated particles are introduced onto the surface.

The particles are attracted to areas of the material where there are defects, such as cracks or inclusions, and they form a visible pattern that indicates the location and size of the defects.

MPI is not typically used on non-ferromagnetic materials, such as aluminum or copper, because the magnetic field cannot penetrate these materials and the iron oxide particles will not be attracted to any defects.

Other NDT methods, such as ultrasonic testing or radiography, may be more suitable for inspecting non-ferromagnetic materials.