δ = 1 / √(π f μ σ)
Worked example 304 stainless steel at 100 kHz δ = 1.35 mm 32.9 % of the surface field at 1.5 mm
NDT calculators · ET
Depth of penetration, phase lag, frequency choice, probes and tube wall loss. Each of the 12 shows the governing formula, a worked example and the standard it comes from.
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δ = 1 / √(π f μ σ)
Worked example 304 stainless steel at 100 kHz δ = 1.35 mm 32.9 % of the surface field at 1.5 mm
Depth of penetration, phase lag, frequency choice, probes and tube wall loss.
ET Frequency and depth
Eddy current standard depth of penetration (skin depth) from resistivity, relative permeability and test frequency, with field strength at the far surface.
ASNT Free
ET Frequency and depth
Phase lag of the eddy current at a given depth (57.3 degrees per standard depth of penetration), with the depths at which the lag reaches 90 and 180 degrees.
ASNT
ET Probes and coils
Fill factor for a bobbin or encircling coil from coil and bore diameters, with radial clearance and the loss of coupling caused by additional clearance.
ASME V
ET Tubing, scanning and conductivity
Convert between %IACS, conductivity in MS/m and resistivity in uohm.cm or nohm.m, correcting the reading to the 20 C IACS reference temperature (100 %IACS = 58.00 MS/m).
ASTM E1004
ET Probes and coils
Bobbin probe diameter range for a tube, sized to a target fill factor band (commonly 85 to 90 %), with the radial clearance each choice leaves.
ASME V
ET Frequency and depth
Eddy current test frequency needed to place a target depth at a chosen number of standard depths of penetration, with the resulting phase lag and field strength.
ASNT
ET Tubing, scanning and conductivity
Percentage through-wall loss and remaining wall in a tube, read from the measured signal phase angle by interpolating between the two bracketing calibration reflectors.
ASME V
ET Probes and coils
Inductive reactance, total impedance, phase angle and Q of an eddy current probe coil at the test frequency, plus the coil and cable resonant frequency.
ASNT
ET Probes and coils
Active coverage width of an eddy current array from element count, pitch and width, with pass count for a given scan width and the maximum speed the multiplexing rate allows.
ASTM E3052
ET Tubing, scanning and conductivity
Maximum eddy current scan speed for a required number of samples across the smallest reportable flaw, with the sample spacing and samples per flaw at the planned speed.
ASME V
ET Tubing, scanning and conductivity
Exciter-to-detector spacing for remote field testing of ferromagnetic tube, with the double-transit wall phase lag and attenuation at the chosen frequency.
ASTM E2096 · ASNT
ET Frequency and depth
Forster limit (characteristic) frequency for an encircling coil on a rod or tube, the frequency ratio f/fg at the test frequency, and the wall-to-skin-depth ratio.
ASNT · ASTM E309
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