Ug = F · t / d
Worked example F 3 mm, OFD 20 mm, SOD 600 mm Ug = 0.100 mm ASME V limit at 25 mm: 0.508 mm
NDT calculators · RT
Radiographic Testing calculators.
Exposure, geometry and image quality, and the radiation safety calculations that keep a shot legal. Each of the 30 shows the governing formula, a worked example and the standard it comes from.
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Radiography 30
Exposure, geometry and image quality, and the radiation safety calculations that keep a shot legal.
RT Sources and exposure
Source decay
Calculates the present activity of a gamma radiography source from its assay activity and the elapsed time, for any of the common industrial isotopes.
IAEA Free
RT Image quality
IQI selection
Selects the required hole-type and wire-type image quality indicator for a material thickness to ASME V T-276, with ASTM E747 and ISO 19232-1 wire diameters.
ASME V · ASTM E1025
RT Image quality
Radiographic sensitivity
Calculates achieved radiographic sensitivity as a percentage of material thickness from the finest wire or smallest hole visible on the radiograph.
ASTM E1025 · ASTM E747
RT Radiation safety
Barrier distance
Finds the distance at which an unshielded gamma source falls to a chosen dose-rate limit, giving the radius of the controlled or supervised area barrier.
IAEA
RT Image quality
Basic spatial resolution from duplex wire
Converts the first unresolved duplex wire pair on an ISO 19232-5 IQI into basic spatial resolution and image unsharpness, and combines it with geometric unsharpness.
ISO 19232-5 · ISO 17636-2
RT Geometry and coverage
Geometric unsharpness
Calculates radiographic geometric unsharpness Ug from focal spot size, object-to-film distance and source-to-object distance, and checks it against the ASME V limit.
ASME V · ASTM E94
RT Radiation safety
Inverse square law
Converts exposure time and dose rate between two distances using the inverse square law, for both exposure planning and radiation safety.
ASME V · IAEA
RT Geometry and coverage
Minimum source-to-object distance
Finds the shortest source-to-object distance that still keeps geometric unsharpness inside the ASME V T-274.2 limit for the material thickness.
ASME V
RT Image quality
Normalised signal-to-noise ratio
Normalises a measured signal-to-noise ratio to the ISO 17636-2 reference basic spatial resolution of 88.6 micrometres, and gives the measured SNR needed to meet a required SNRn.
ISO 17636-2 · ASTM E2597
RT Sources and exposure
Gamma exposure time
Converts an exposure factor from a gamma exposure chart into a shot time for the actual source activity, distance and film class.
ASTM E94 · ASME V
RT Geometry and coverage
Circumferential weld exposure count
Works out how many exposures are needed to cover a girth weld for panoramic, single-wall and double-wall techniques, from the permitted through-wall thickness ratio.
ASME V · ISO 17636-1
RT Radiation safety
Dose rate at distance
Calculates the unshielded gamma dose rate at any distance from a source using D = Gamma x A / d squared, reporting in uSv/h, mSv/h and mR/h.
IAEA
RT Sources and exposure
Gamma isotope library
Reference data for the six industrial gamma sources - half-life, gamma constant, mean photon energy and practical steel range - plus dose rate at a given activity and distance.
ISO 17636-1 · IAEA
RT Radiation safety
Shielding thickness
Calculates the shield thickness needed to bring a gamma field down to a target dose rate, with an added half value layer to cover scatter build-up.
NCRP · IAEA
RT Radiation safety
Half value layer and tenth value layer
Half value layer and tenth value layer for the industrial gamma sources in lead, steel, concrete and tungsten, with the transmission through any thickness of that shield.
NCRP · IAEA
RT Geometry and coverage
Elliptical DWDI source offset
Calculates the axial source offset needed to separate the source-side and film-side weld images by a chosen amount on a small-bore elliptical double-wall double-image shot.
ASME V · ISO 17636-1
RT Sources and exposure
Exposure transfer
Transfers a known good exposure to a new thickness, distance, film class or source activity using inverse square, half value layer and film speed corrections.
ASTM E94 · ASME V
RT Geometry and coverage
Minimum SOD for pipe
Minimum source-to-object distance for panoramic, single-wall and double-wall pipe techniques, and whether the geometry available inside the pipe can meet the unsharpness limit.
ASME V
RT Radiation safety
Stay time
Calculates how long a person may remain in a known dose-rate field before reaching a chosen dose allowance.
IAEA · ICRP
RT Radiation safety
ALARA exposure planner
Combines source decay, inverse square distance and shield attenuation to give the dose rate at a work position, the dose received in a planned occupancy and the barrier radius.
IAEA · ICRP
RT Radiation safety
Personnel dose tracker
Tracks an individual radiation worker against the 20 mSv annual average, the 50 mSv single-year ceiling and the 100 mSv five-year total, and projects the year-end dose.
ICRP · IAEA
RT Sources and exposure
Radiographic equivalence factors
Converts a thickness of any common engineering material into the steel-equivalent thickness for a given radiation energy, so a steel exposure chart can be used directly.
ASTM E94
RT Geometry and coverage
Radiographic magnification
Calculates projected image magnification from source-to-object and object-to-film distances, with the unsharpness penalty and the optimum magnification for a microfocus source.
ASTM E1255 · ASTM E94
RT Sources and exposure
Film density adjustment
Corrects an exposure time to move a radiograph from the density it achieved to the density you want, using the film characteristic curve.
ASME V · ISO 17636-1
RT Sources and exposure
Lead screen and backscatter selection
Recommends front and back lead screen thicknesses for a given radiation quality and sets out the ASME V backscatter check.
ISO 17636-1 · ASME V
RT Geometry and coverage
Coverage angle per film
Works out how much of a pipe circumference one film covers, how many films wrap the joint, and whether film length or beam obliquity is the limiting factor.
ASME V · ISO 17636-1
RT Image quality
Detector pixel size versus IQI wire
Translates detector pixel pitch and type into basic spatial resolution at the object, the finest IQI wire that can realistically be resolved, and the sensitivity that follows.
ISO 17636-2 · ISO 19232-1
RT Sources and exposure
X-ray tube voltage selection
Gives the maximum permitted X-ray tube voltage for a steel-equivalent thickness and a lower starting kV that preserves radiographic contrast.
ISO 17636-1 · ASTM E94
RT Geometry and coverage
Pipeline crawler positioning
Axial stopping tolerance for an internal crawler on a girth weld, the panoramic geometric unsharpness, and the travel and cycle time between joints.
ASME V · ISO 17636-1
RT Sources and exposure
Source replacement date
Calculates how many days remain before a gamma source decays below a chosen working activity, and the exposure time penalty at that threshold.
IAEA
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